If something surged, it moved very quickly and strongly in one direction.
The word surged makes people think of fast and powerful movement, like a big wave or a strong wind.
Examples:
The water surged up and over the wall.
The crowd surged forward when the gates opened.
The wind surged through the trees.
The cat surged out of the room when I opened the door.
The demand for the new toy surged after the commercial aired.
The car surged ahead when the light turned green.