Eron Powell•
Should vs. Could vs. Need vs. Must:英语解释
这些词的含义
Should、could、need (to)和must是情态动词。它们帮助你表达建议、可能性、必要性和强规则。
- Must = 规则或你确信的事: You must wear a badge.(你必须佩戴工牌。)
- Need / need to = 任务所需: You need to charge your phone.(你需要给手机充电。)
- Should = 好建议或温和期望: You should save your work.(你应该保存你的工作。)
- Could = 真正的可能性或礼貌请求: We could leave now; Could you help me?(我们可以现在离开;你能帮我吗?)
强度顺序(强→弱)
使用这个阶梯: must → need (to) → should → could
- 选择must表示规则、法律或强逻辑
- 选择**need (to)**表示必要步骤
- 选择should表示友好建议
- 选择could表示选择和想法
否定和疑问(美式)
在美式英语中,用must not(不是mustn't)表示不允许: You must not share the code.(你不能分享代码。)
表示不需要,使用don't/doesn't need to或don't/doesn't have to: You don't need to come today.(你今天不需要来。)
注意! must not ≠ don't have to:
- Must not禁止
- Don't have to是可选的
谈论过去
- 用had to表示过去的必要性: We had to leave early.(我们不得不早点离开。)
- 用should have + 过去分词表示过去的建议: You should have saved the draft.(你应该保存草稿的。)
- 用must have表示强烈推测: She must have left already.(她一定已经离开了。)
- 用could have表示过去可能的事件: It could have rained last night.(昨晚可能下雨了。)
使用示例(CEFR标注)
- [A2] Should(建议): You should bring water; it's a long walk.(你应该带水;路很长。)
- [A2] Need to(必要性): I need to finish this form before 5 PM.(我需要在下午5点前完成这个表格。)
- [B1] Must(规则): All visitors must sign in at the front desk.(所有访客必须在前台签到。)
- [B1] Must not(不允许): You must not use your phone during the test.(考试期间你不能使用手机。)
- [B2] Could(选项): We could book an earlier flight if the price drops.(如果价格下降,我们可以预订更早的航班。)
常见问题
问: "must"比"have to"更强吗? 答: 是的。Must听起来更正式。Have to是日常义务。
问: "must not"和"don't have to"有什么区别? 答: Must not = 不允许。Don't have to = 可选的。
问: 请求时"can"还是"could"更礼貌? 答: Could比can更礼貌、更温和。